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The companies building the AI stack — what each one is, what it ships, and why it matters. Peregrinations’ read on the players moving the frontier.
Anthropic – AI research: Claude reasoning models and enterprise alignment solutions.
OpenAI – Frontier models: ChatGPT consumer distribution and developer API platform.
xAI – Frontier models: Memphis Colossus computing cluster scale-out and Grok assistant.
Google – Full-stack player: Gemini models, Google DeepMind research, and custom TPUs.
Meta – AI research: Llama open weights ecosystem and Meta Superintelligence Labs.
Amazon – Cloud AI: AWS cloud hosting, custom Trainium and Inferentia silicon.
Apple – Consumer distribution: On-device private machine learning and Siri integration.
Netflix – Consumer personalization: Recommendation systems, localized translation pipelines, and content previsualization.
NVIDIA – AI compute infrastructure: Custom graphics processing units, CUDA platform, and NVLink interconnects.
TSMC – Semiconductor fabrication: Advanced logic wafer manufacturing and CoWoS packaging.
SK Hynix – Memory manufacturing: High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) silicon design and fabrication.
Micron Technology – Memory manufacturing: High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) and enterprise DRAM supply.
Samsung Electronics – Semiconductors & memory: Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), HBM supply, and logic foundry.
Seagate Technology – Storage hardware: Hard disk drive (HDD) systems and HAMR technology for cold data scale.
Western Digital – Storage hardware: Enterprise hard disk drive (HDD) and NAND flash memory systems.
Broadcom – Custom silicon & fabric: Network switching systems, optical transceivers, and hyperscaler accelerator co-design.
Cerebras – Alternative accelerators: Wafer-scale engine (WSE) AI compute systems and SRAM-based inference architectures.
Wolfspeed – Power semiconductors: Silicon carbide (SiC) transistors and solid-state grid conversion hardware.
Tower Semiconductor – Specialty foundry: Silicon photonics manufacturing and transceiver chips.
SpaceX is becoming an AI-infrastructure company: reusable launch (Starship) drives $/kg-to-orbit toward the point where space-based compute pencils out, and the announced AI1 satellite is the first spacecraft designed as a data center.